医源性胆管损伤行胆管空肠吻合术后近远期疗效分析

目的探讨医源性胆管损伤行胆管空肠吻合术近远期疗效及影响疗效的主要危险因素。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2018年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院接诊胆囊切除术医源性胆管损伤行胆管空肠Rouxen-Y吻合术(HJ)36例病人临床资料。术后近期并发症采用Clavien-Dindo评分系统进行分级评价,远期疗效按Terblanche分级进行分级评价。单因素及多因素分析TerblancheⅣ级病人的高危因素。结果36例病人,8例(22.2%)病人出现Clavien-DindoⅢ级以上的近期并发症。中位随访时间为117个月(IQR 49~156个月)。远期随访疗效Terblanche分级显示:Ⅰ、Ⅱ级21例(58.3%);Ⅲ级6例(16.7%)间断性胆管炎发作保守治疗;Ⅳ级9例(25.0%)吻合口狭窄或结石形成伴胆管炎均接受再次手术治疗。吻合口狭窄或结石形成伴胆管炎的中位时间为24个月(IQR 12~60个月)。单因素分析显示,术前存在脓毒症、转诊前修复、围手术期Clavien-DindoⅢ级以上并发症和术后住院时间≥15 d与术后胆管狭窄或胆管结石形成伴胆管炎显著相关。多因素分析显示,术前存在脓毒症、转诊前修复和高位损伤(Stresberger分型E3-E5)是术后发生胆管狭窄或胆管结石形成伴胆管炎的独立危险因素。结论医源性胆管损伤可行HJ进行修复,损伤后由经验丰富的肝胆外科专科医师手术修复及术前感染控制是保证病人近期和远期疗效的重要条件。     

单吻合口胃旁路术治疗病态肥胖症56例疗效分析

目的 探讨单吻合口胃旁路术（OAGB）治疗病态肥胖症及其相关合并症的有效性与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2018年9月至2019年10月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普通外科中心实施OAGB的56例肥胖病人的临床资料。结果 56例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹病例。手术时间为78~262（131.7±30.6）min,术中失血量为20~200（45.2±50.9）mL,术后住院时间为3~7（4.4±1.1）d,每台手术所需钉仓数为5~8（6.7±0.7）个。术后6周内12例（21.4%）发生并发症,其中Clavien-Dindo分级Ⅰ级7例、Ⅱ级4例、Ⅲb级1例。术后3、6、12个月的总体重减少百分比（%TWL）分别为20.0%、26.5%及33.5%。完成术后12个月随访的25例病人中,2型糖尿病、高血压病、高脂血症及高尿酸血症的缓解率分别为100%、83.3%、91.7%及44.4%。结论 OAGB治疗病态肥胖症及其相关合并症安全且有效,术后随访应密切关注胆汁反流和营养不良风险。     

微创Ivor-Lewis食管切除术在食管胃结合部腺癌中的应用

目的探讨微创Ivor-Lewis食管切除术(minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy,MI-ILE)治疗食管胃结合部腺癌的可行性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月~2019年6月MI-ILE治疗食管胃结合部腺癌48例资料。SiewertⅠ型11例,Ⅱ型31例,Ⅲ型6例。病灶距门齿距离(38.8±2.5)cm。结果手术时间(250.8±42.0)min,术中出血(120.3±67.0)ml。均行R0切除。27例术前新辅助治疗,26例(96%)术后病理显示部分缓解。清扫淋巴结(28.6±10.6)枚,36例淋巴结转移(8.0±5.0)枚。术后吻合口漏2例(4%),1例手术治疗,1例保守治疗,均痊愈。术后住院日(9.7±3.2)d。平均随访14个月(5~22个月),肿瘤均无复发,无死亡。结论MI-ILE治疗食管胃结合部腺癌可以保证满意的上下切缘和足够的淋巴结清扫范围,手术安全可靠。     

不同吻合器在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术Roux-en-Y式吻合中的安全性及卫生经济学对比

目的:比较直线切割吻合器与圆形吻合器在腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术Roux-en-Y吻合中的安全性与卫生经济学的差异。方法:回顾分析2017年8月至2019年2月192例接受腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术并Roux-en-Y式吻合患者的临床资料。根据胃肠吻合所用吻合器材类型,将患者分为直线切割吻合器组(A组,n=40,20.8%)与圆形吻合器组(B组,n=152,79.2%)。比较两组手术安全性、术后消化道功能恢复及卫生经济学的差异。结果:A组术中出血量[(59.75±38.397)mL vs.(63.29±67.792)mL,(P=0.752)]、手术时间[(249.28±65.72)min vs.(255.03±62.67)min,P=0.609]、淋巴结清扫数量[(30.68±11.74)枚vs.(32.43±12.61)枚,P=0.429]、Ⅱ度及以上并发症发生率[7.5%(3/40)vs.7.9%(12/152),P=0.934]、手术耗材费用(中位数:30758元vs.32749元,P=0.064)及住院费用(中位数:70759元vs.70851元,P=0.527)与B组差异无统计学意义。A组术后首次排气时间[(3.46±0.767)d vs.(3.98±1.190)d,P=0.013]、首次进流食时间[(4.32±1.029)d vs.(4.91±0.996)d,P=0.020]、拔除腹腔引流管时间[(6.00±0.882)d vs.(6.56±1.764)d,P=0.008]均短于B组,差异均有统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术Roux-en-Y吻合中使用直线切割吻合器或圆形吻合器行消化道重建均是安全、可行的,使用直线切割吻合器术后首次排气时间、首次进流食时间更短,在术后胃肠道功能恢复方面存在优势。     

食管胃颈部吻合与胃胸腔内吻合在中下段食管癌患者右胸入路根治术中的应用比较

目的研究食管胃颈部吻合与胃胸腔内吻合在中下段食管癌患者右胸入路根治术中的应用效果。方法选择73例患者作为研究对象,采用双盲法将其分为对照组(n=36)和观察组(n=37)。2组患者均进行右胸入路根治术,对照组实施胃胸腔内吻合,观察组实施食管胃颈部吻合。观察2组手术相关指标、术后并发症发生情况、术后3个月生活质量[简明健康生活状况量(SF-36)]以及3年生存率。结果2组手术用时、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后放管时间、住院天数短于对照组,食管切除长度长于对照组,切端癌残留率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月,2组SF-36各维度评分比术前高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后1年生存率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3年生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中下段食管癌患者右胸入路根治术中应用食管胃颈部吻合,可扩大切除范围,降低切端癌残留率,利于术后恢复,并可有效提高术后生活质量和近期生存率。     

Preoperative and postoperative evaluation by manometric study of the anal sphincter after coloanal anastomosis for carcinoma

The purpose of the present study was to pre- and postoperatively evaluate the anal sphincter after coloanal anastomosis in 20 patients with carcinoma of the rectum at 5.5 to 8 cm from the anal verge. The 20 patients matched age and sex with the controlled subjects. Of the 20 patients, 17 with normal preoperative manometric studies when compared with control subjects underwent a coloanal anastomosis as described by Castrini, and three patients with preoperative incontinence underwent abdominoperineal resection. Manometric studies preoperatively, and postoperatively at three and 12 months, indicated a statistically significant decrease in squeezing pressure, and rectal compliance at three months that almost normalized by 12 months. The rectal compliance correlated with the number of bowel movements per day at three months (four to five per day) and at 12 months (two to three per day). The rectoanal reflex and length of pressure zone have remained unchanged. Results seem to indicate that anal continence can be preserved after coloanal anastomosis.     

Mr lymphangiography: How i do it

Lymphedema is a chronic progressive edematous disease that in the United States is most commonly related to malignancy and its treatment. Lymphaticovenular anastomosis is a recently introduced microsurgical treatment option for lymphedema that requires the identification and mapping of individual lymphatic channels. While nuclear medicine lymphoscintigraphy has been the primary imaging modality performed to evaluate suspected lymphedema, lymphoscintigraphy does not provide the spatial information necessary for presurgical planning. High‐resolution dynamic 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can noninvasively image abnormal lymphatic channels to both diagnose lymphedema and depict the location and number of individual lymphatic channels for surgical planning. MR lymphangiography can be performed at 1.5T or 3.0T using multichannel phased array surface coils. The main components of the exam are a heavily T₂‐weighted 3D sequence to define the severity and extent of edema, a high‐resolution dynamic 3D gradient echo imaging after intracutaneous contrast injection to visualize lymphatic channels, and a delayed 3D gradient echo sequence after intravenous contrast to define veins. This article reviews the pathophysiology and microsurgical treatment of lymphedema, presents the imaging protocol used at our institution, and describes exam interpretation and the image postprocessing performed for surgical planning. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1465–1477.     

Anal Canal Pressure After Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis with Strengthened Internal Anal Sphincter

INTRODUCTION The aim of sphincter-saving operative techniques and creation of intestinal reservoirs is to improve the quality of life for patients with restorative proctocolectomy.METHODS In this study, 48 consecutive patients (19 males and 29 females of ages between 19 and 55 years; mean age, 35.52 years) with ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis underwent ileal pouch–anal anastomosis after proctocolectomy in 1986 to 2002. In 26 patients (54.17 percent of the cases), 10 males and 16 females, ileal pouch–anal anastomosis was performed after a modified surgical technique for strengthening the internal anal sphincter by creation of a smooth muscle cuff through plication of a mucosectomized segment of residual rectum. Basal resting anal canal pressure and pressure after voluntary contraction were recorded preoperatively, one month after surgery, and every six months for two years.RESULTS One month after the operation manometric results showed significantly higher values of resting pressure in patients with a plicated rectal segment than values measured preoperatively (P < 0.001). This effect was absent after the standard ileal pouch–anal anastomosis. With the rectal plication technique, basal pressure increased from a preoperative value of 69 ± 6 mmHg up to 80 ± 6 mmHg at the end of the second postoperative year (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS We concluded that ileal pouch–anal anastomosis with rectal plication perhaps improved sphincter function. The operative technique did not affect anal squeeze pressure. Patients quality of life was improved for those undergoing the modified ileal pouch–anal anastomosis.